The Not-So-Independent Contractor

From 2000-2006, there was a television program called “Malcolm in the Middle.” The show was called as much because the lead subject was the middle child of three: Malcolm. The theme song for the show ended with the line “life is unfair.” But is life truly unfair for those caught in the middle?

The purpose of this post is to consider the middle category of employment; those who are neither true employees but are not exactly independent contractors either: the intermediate position of “dependent contractor”.

As this post will hopefully demonstrate life is not always unfair to those who find themselves ‘in the middle.’

More is Required for a Human Rights Case than Simple Unfairness

Does being treated unfairly in employment and simply having a disability, being a member of a visible of invisible minority, or otherwise being protected by the provisions of Ontario’s Human Rights Code entitle one to bring an application before the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario?

A recent appeal decision from Ontario’s Divisional Court, Hay v. Ontario (Human Rights Tribunal), 2014 ONSC 2858 (CanLII) affirmed that the answer is no.

Moral Damages for Manner of Dismissal - Meeting the Evidentiary Burden

How much medical evidence must a party seeking damages for mental stress caused by the manner of his or her dismissal from employment, i.e. moral damages or “Wallace” damages, lead at trial in order to receive an award of the same? As with most answers in law, it would appear that the answer is “it depends.” In a recent ruling from the Ontario Superior Court of Justice sitting at Ottawa, El-Hawary v. 1202827 Ontario Inc, 2014 ONSC 5265 (CanLII), the Honourable Justice Timothy Ray held that moral damages were not appropriate without medical evidence as to the cause of the plaintiff’s suffering.

Independent Contractors and Employees on Contract – Understanding the Semantics of Ontario Employment Law

The modern English language is a powerful tool. However, it also has its challenges; synonyms, homonyms, and inexplicable exceptions to rules. (For example, try explaining to someone why the plural of moose is moose, goose is geese, and mouse is mice.) In the employment law context, the word that is most often the source of confusion and consternation is “contract.”

The purpose of this post is to look at the differences between:

• A contractor and an independent contractor
• Working on contract and working under a contract

Those terms often get commingled in everyday conversation, leading to incorrect assumptions and the aforementioned confusion and frustration. Therefore, as best as one can, given the limitations of the written word, here is a summary of the ways in which the law uses “contract.”

How Employers Can Make Fundamental Changes to Terms of Employment

How can an employer make fundamental changes to an employee’s employment? Sometimes an employer will need to make a fundamental change to the terms of an employee’s employment, this may include changing the number of hours that an employee works, the times during which an employee will work, the position that the employee will hold, or the amount of money that the employee may receive.

While the easiest way to change the terms of an employee’s employment is to get the employee to agree, not all employees will be willing to do so. In those cases, employers will need to ensure that they follow the law concerning unilateral fundamental changes.

Ontario Court Says When it Comes to Severance Packages 'A Deal is a Deal'

Can an employer refuse to pay out a severance package after it offers it to an employee and the employee agrees to accept it? That was essentially the question that the Ontario Superior Court of Justice was asked to resolve in the case of Dennis v. Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation, 2014 ONSC 3882 (CanLII).

According to the Honourable Justice Brian P. O’Marra, a deal is a deal.

Summary Judgment - Appropriate In Most But Not All Employment Law Cases

Summary judgment remains an effective and appropriate means for the resolution of wrongful dismissal cases. However, as the recently decided case of Beatty v. Best Theratronics Ltd., 2014 ONSC 3376 (CanLII) demonstrates, not all aspects of such cases are amenable to summary disposition.

Answering the Question "Can my employer..."

“Can my employer…” those three little words are the most common start to any question asked of an employment lawyer by a worker. “Can we” is the most common start to questions asked of an employment lawyer by management. The purpose of this post is to address the issue of what employers can do and what am employee’s rights and response can be.

Human Rights Tribunal Not The Place To Ask For Severance

Does the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario (“HRTO”) have the legal ability (“jurisdiction”) to award severance pay? According to a recent decision from the Divisional Court (a branch of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice, and a type of court of appeal), Campbell v. Revera Retirement LP, 2014 ONSC 3233 (CanLII), the answer is that it is probably best to look elsewhere.

The case is an important reminder to potential plaintiffs to pick the proper venue for advancing one’s case.

Employee's Invasion of Customer's Privacy can be Employer's Responsibility

Can an employer be held legally responsible if one of its employees deliberately invades upon the privacy of the employer’s customers? That question was one of the key issues in the recently decided class action certification motion in Evans v. The Bank of Nova Scotia, 2014 ONSC 2135 (CanLII).

The case involves a class action proceeding against the Bank of Nova Scotia and one of its former employees for breaching the privacy of the Bank’s customers.

The case was filed in Ottawa and the certification motion was decided by the Honourable Mr. Justice Robert Smith of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice, sitting at Ottawa.

Sean Bawden, editor and primary author of this blog, formerly worked with plaintiff’s counsel and assisted in the formative stages of the case before transferring to Kelly Santini.

While the court did not expressly say that the answer to the question raised at the start of this post was “yes,” it did expressly refuse to say that the answer to the question is “no.”

Wrongful Dismissal First Principles Affirmed by ONCA

How much weight are judges to give other wrongful dismissal decisions? According to a recent decision from the Court of Appeal for Ontario, while other decisions from the same level of court can be persuasive, they are not binding. The principle of stare decisis requires that courts render decisions that are consistent with the previous decisions of higher courts.

Human Rights Legislation does Not Apply to Partners

In a decision released today, the Supreme Court of Canada has held that British Columbia’s Human Rights Code, RSBC 1996, c. 210 does not apply to equity partners in law firms.

Employers required to train staff under the new Occupational Health and Safety Awareness and Training Regulation

Being July 1st, 2014, every employer in the province of Ontario will need to comply with the Ministry of Labour’s new Occupational Health and Safety Awareness and Training Regulation (O. Reg. 297/13) under the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA).

As first mentioned by fellow Kelly Santini LLP employment lawyer Shawn O’Connor on the firm’s business law blog Start Up. Build Up. Sell Up. in the post All Employers Required to Train Staff Under New Health & Safety Act, this new legislation may catch many employers off-guard. Past training requirements under the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) have resulted in employers focusing on employees involved in physical work and the resulting risk of injury. The new legislation states that all employees must receive the minimum required training, including white collar and clerical staff, whom employers might not have associated with having a risk of injury in the workplace.

Employer Unable to Rely on Company Policy Not Incorporated into Employment Agreement

To what extent can employers rely on internal policies, not incorporated into an employment agreement, for determining employee rights and benefits? According to one decision from the British Columbia Supreme Court, very little.

Not All Employees are Entitled to Severance Pay

A common misconception among both employers and employees is that anyone who is fired from his or her job in Ontario is entitled to severance pay; that simply is not the case. However, saying that a dismissed employee is not necessarily entitled to “severance” pay does not mean that the employee is not entitled to anything. What employees are entitled to varies.

Can I get EI if I get Fired After Maternity Leave?

Can someone who gets fired shortly after returning from maternity leave receive Employment Insurance (EI) benefits?

The short answer is currently “no.” Although the answer depends on how long after returning to work the employee finds herself suddenly unemployed. (While it is legally permissible for men to take parental leave and while it is possible for those men to lose their job shortly after doing so, the reality is that this situation is far more common for women than it is for men. While the law is gender neutral and men can be effected by this law in the same way that women are, this post will be written from the perspective of new mothers.)

The Flu is Not a Disability: HRTO

Is having the flu a “disability” under the Ontario Human Rights Code? According to a decision from the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, the body responsible for enforcing Ontario’s Human Rights Code, the answer is no.

Can My Employer Reject My Doctor's Note?

(c) istock/BrianAJackson

Can your employer, a long-term disability insurer, or the Ontario Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (“WSIB”) legally reject your doctor’s note?

That is one of the most common questions asked by those employees who find themselves suddenly unemployed or without benefits. It is also a source of incredible anxiety and frustration. The answer is very complicated, and like everything in law, the correct answer is “it depends.”

Non-Competition Clause and Injunctions: Beware What You Sign

Will the Ontario courts enforce a non-competition agreement and grant an injunction if the employee signs an agreement without legal advice? In one of the first cases released in 2014, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice has said yes.

SCC: Pension Benefits Cannot be Deducted from Wrongful Dismissal Damages

Are defined benefit pension benefits deductible from wrongful dismissal damages? According to a majority of the Supreme Court of Canada, the answer is no, they are not.

In its decision in IBM Canada Limited v. Waterman, 2013 SCC 70 (CanLII) seven of this county’s nine Supreme Court Justices (LeBel, Fish, Abella, Cromwell, Moldaver, Karakatsanis and Wagner JJ.) agreed that pension benefits are not properly deductible from wrongful dismissal damages. Justice Rothstein and Chief Justice McLachlin disagreed.